DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.29.e108621

Authors: B. Dobreva-Yatseva, F. Nikolov, R. Raycheva, I. Manolov, P. Nikolov, N. Ivanova, D. Iovanovska, I. Kuchmov, M. Tokmakova

Abstract: According to the mode of acquisition, infective endocarditis (IE) is classifi ed as community-acquired (CAIE), healthcareassociated (HAIE), and injection drug use–related IE (IDUIE). At this stage, there are no data for Bulgaria for these three groups of patients. Objective: We set ourselves the goal of investigating IE according to the mode of acquisition and to make a clinical-instrumental characterization of the groups. Material and methods: The study is single-center, retrospective and includes 270 patients treated at the UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” – Plovdiv for the period 01.2005-12. 2021. Results: Patients with CAIE were 64.8% (175), with HAIE 26.7% (72) and with IDUIE 8.5% (23). Patients with IDUIE are younger compared to the other two groups (33; 8 years) (p = 0.000), with low comorbidity (CCI – 1, IQR – 1; p = 0.000), with most frequent right-sided involvement (p < 0.001) and with the most common causative agent being Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.01). Patients with HAIE were the oldest (69; 18 years;), with the most comorbidity (CCI – 4; IQR – 3), with no signifi cant difference with CAIE (66; 20 years; and CCI – 3; IQR – 3). The large proportion of portal of entry for them were manipulations/ procedures (62.5%) and hemodialysis (18.1%), with Enterococci being the most common causative agent (19.5%, p = 0.001). In-hospital mortality and early surgical intervention were without signifi cant difference in the three groups. Conclusion: Knowledge of the three groups of IE according to the mode of acquisition – CAIE, HAIE and IDUIE and their characteristics is important for the choice of initial empiric antibiotic treatment and for improvement of prevention.

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DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.27.e67571

Authors: Damyan Boychev, Naidenka Zlatareva, Ivo Petrov

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and economies around the globe at an unprecedented scale. Since the fi rst registered case of Covid-19 in December of 2019 until May 2021, more than 167 mil people have been infected and more than 3.5 mil have died. Patients with cardiovascular disease are one of the most affected groups. First, because cardiovascular disease, for example, stable angina or past myocardial infarction, weakens system’s abilities of dealing with stress due to infl ammation. Secondly, because COVID-19 is associated with multiple different mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Developing COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this review is to present the known up to this moment mechanisms of cardiovascular injury and complications after COVID-19.

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