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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">97</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:B5033382-9D21-53CE-B630-B4E3A1146D51</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1310-7488</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2683-1015</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bulgarian Society of Cardiology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/bgcardio.28.e91105</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">91105</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Cardiosurgery (кардиохирургия)</subject>
          <subject>Endovascular Treatment (Ендоваскуларно лечение)</subject>
          <subject>Interventional Cardiology (интервенционална кардиология)</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Petrov</surname>
            <given-names>I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0730</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Stankov</surname>
            <given-names>Z.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Stoykova</surname>
            <given-names>J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zlatancheva</surname>
            <given-names>G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-7636</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Vasilev</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">strahilvasilevhealth@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Tasheva</surname>
            <given-names>I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Vaseva</surname>
            <given-names>K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">UMHAT Acibadem City Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>UMHAT Acibadem City Clinic</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>Sofia University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">UMHAT Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>UMHAT Sofiamed</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: S. Vasilev (<email xlink:type="simple">strahilvasilevhealth@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: Александър Александров</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>75</fpage>
      <lpage>80</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/EAAA7EAD-936C-59EE-AB63-BB47572E23BC">EAAA7EAD-936C-59EE-AB63-BB47572E23BC</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>I. Petrov, Z. Stankov, J. Stoykova, G. Zlatancheva, S. Vasilev, I. Tasheva, K. Vaseva</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The most common localizations for upper extremity atherosclerosis are the subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk. Significant stenosis of the subclavian artery occurs in 2% of the population and in 7-11% of patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. Revascularization is indicated in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with coronary disease with planned surgical revascularization. In addition to atherosclerosis, other causes of the appearance of subclavian artery stenosis include dissection, radiation-induced inflammation of the fibromusculature, and various vasculities, especially Takayasu arteritis. The left subclavian artery is about four times more commonly affected than the right. It usually occurs over the age of 50 years and in 1.5-2 times more common in men than in women. Disease of the subclavian artery is usually focal and the lesion is predominantly in the first 2 cm proximal to the origin of the aorta. Between 2016-2021 in the clinic of cardiology and angiology we treated endovascularly 81 patients (41 men and 40 females, median age 64 ± 11) with either intraluminal balloon dilatation and/or primary stent implantation followed by balloon post dilatation. We achieved a high technical success rate (93.8%) and immediate clinical success, with only a few minor complications. </p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
