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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">97</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:B5033382-9D21-53CE-B630-B4E3A1146D51</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1310-7488</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2683-1015</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bulgarian Society of Cardiology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/bgcardio.27.e72195</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">72195</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Arrhythmias (аритмии)</subject>
          <subject>Endovascular Treatment (Ендоваскуларно лечение)</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transvenous lead extraction – summary of the experience of a single Bulgarian center – a retrospective study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Stoyanov</surname>
            <given-names>Nikolay</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">nikstoyanov@abv.bg</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-6008</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Kamburov</surname>
            <given-names>Dinko</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bonev</surname>
            <given-names>Nikolay</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Protich</surname>
            <given-names>Mihail</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Velchev</surname>
            <given-names>Vasil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Medical university-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>Medical university-Sofia</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University hospital Saint Anna, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>University hospital Saint Anna</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Nikolay Stoyanov (<email xlink:type="simple">nikstoyanov@abv.bg</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: Krasimir Dzhinsov</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>27</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>103</fpage>
      <lpage>112</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/CD93629F-6E5D-5CCE-95C5-51FB2C317F86">CD93629F-6E5D-5CCE-95C5-51FB2C317F86</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5598643">5598643</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day/>
          <month/>
          <year/>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Nikolay Stoyanov, Dinko Kamburov, Nikolay Bonev, Mihail Protich, Vasil Velchev</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>There has been increased rate of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implanted worldwide. Respectively the numbers of patients with absolute indications for lead extraction (pacemaker and ICD) grow up exponentially. The aim of our study is to present the initial experience and long-term results of pacemaker and ICD lead extraction in patients treated in Cardiology department of University hospital “Sveta Anna” Soﬁ a. <bold>Material and Methods:</bold> Retrospective study was performed of patients with CIED implanted greater than 1 year and indications for lead extraction. Clinical and procedural characteristics, success rate, complications rate, and reinfection rate data were collected and analyzed. <bold>Results:</bold> In the period August 2016 to May 2021, a total of 54 patients were admitted to our department with an absolute indication for lead extraction. A total of 114 pacemakers and ICD electrodes were extracted during 54 procedures. In 47 patients (87%) was shown complete technical success with removal of all hardware and in 53 patients (98.1%) clinical success of the procedure was found. The incidence of major periprocedural complications requiring urgent cardiac surgery in our series was 2 (3.7%). Follow-up revealed a very low recurrence infection rate – only 1 patient (1.9%). <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Lead extraction is a safe and effective procedure. The establishment of a specialized center with an organized system for lead extraction is key in achieving excellent short- and long-term results.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
