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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">97</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:B5033382-9D21-53CE-B630-B4E3A1146D51</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulgarian Cardiology</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1310-7488</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2683-1015</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bulgarian Society of Cardiology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/bgcardio.29.e114208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">114208</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Arrhythmias (аритмии)</subject>
          <subject>Cardiosurgery (кардиохирургия)</subject>
          <subject>Interventional Cardiology (интервенционална кардиология)</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Subacute right ventricular perforation from a passive fixation pacemaker lead - a multidisciplinary diagnostic and management work-up</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Vasilev</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">strahilvasilevhealth@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ivanova</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Keltchev</surname>
            <given-names>A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-4960</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Acibadem City Clinic UMHAT Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
        <institution>Acibadem City Clinic UMHAT Tokuda</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sofia</addr-line>
        <country>Bulgaria</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: S. Vasilev (<email xlink:type="simple">strahilvasilevhealth@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: Plamen Panayotov</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>97</fpage>
      <lpage>100</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/A32CB512-9577-57C9-A816-8D19326E786B">A32CB512-9577-57C9-A816-8D19326E786B</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>S. Vasilev, S. Ivanova, A. Keltchev</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) implantation procedure has a complication rate of 5-6% according to most studies. Lead perforation is a possible and serious adverse event which can present with a spectrum of symptoms from asymptomatic to sudden death. Diagnostic tools in case of suspected lead perforation are X-ray, transthoracic echocardiography, pacemaker interrogation and computed tomography with the last one being the gold standard. Lead extraction could be done endovascularly or surgically. Transvenous removal is a possible option for active ﬁ xation leads, while removal of passive ﬁ xation leads is preferably done surgically, because of the bulky tip of the lead, which could damage the heart chambers and the vessels. In this article, we present a case of a massive ventricular perforation from a passive ﬁ xation lead, further complicated by a cardiac tamponade. Surgical removal was the treatment of choice with subsequent implantation of a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker. </p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
